Thứ bảy, Tháng tư 26, 2025
Google search engine
HomeSorted by levelC1 - AdvancedEarth has lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice in less than 30...

Earth has lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice in less than 30 years

[Reading level: C1 – Advanced]

A total of 28 trillion tonnes of ice have disappeared from the surface of the Earth since 1994. That is stunning conclusion of UK scientists who have analysed satellite surveys of the planet’s poles, mountains and glaciers to measure how much ice coverage lost because of global heating triggered by rising greenhouse gas emissions.

 

The scientists – based at Leeds and Edinburgh universities and University College London – describe the level of ice loss as “staggering” and warn that their analysis indicates that sea level rises, triggered by melting glaciers and ice sheets, could reach a metre by the end of the century.

 

“To put that in context, every centimetre of sea level rise means about a million people will be displaced from their low-lying homelands,” said Professor Andy Shepherd, director of Leeds University’s Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling.

 

The scientists also warn that the melting of ice in these quantities is now seriously reducing the planet’s ability to reflect solar radiation back into space. White ice is disappearing and the dark sea or soil exposed beneath it is absorbing more and more heat, further increasing the warming of the planet.

 

In addition, cold fresh water pouring from melting glaciers and ice sheets is causing major disruptions to the biological health of Arctic and Antarctic waters, while loss of glaciers in mountain ranges threatens to wipe out sources of fresh water on which local communities depend.

 

“In the past researchers have studied individual areas – such as the Antarctic or Greenland – where ice is melting. But this is the first time anyone has looked at all the ice that is disappearing from the entire planet,” said Shepherd. “What we have found has stunned us.”

 

The level of ice loss revealed by the group matches the worst-case-scenario predictions outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), he added.

 

The group studied satellite surveys of glaciers in South America, Asia, Canada and other regions; sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic; ice sheets that cover the ground in Antarctica and Greenland; and ice shelves that protrude from the Antarctic mainland into the sea. The study covered the years 1994 to 2017.

 

A glacier melting in Svalbard archipelago. – Một sông băng đang tan chảy ở quần đảo Svalbard.

The researchers’ conclusion is that all the regions have suffered devastating reductions in ice cover in the past three decades and these losses are continuing.

 

“To put the losses we’ve already experienced into context, 28 trillion tonnes of ice would cover the entire surface of the UK with a sheet of frozen water that is 100 metres thick,” added group member Tom Slater from Leeds University. “It’s just mind-blowing.”

 

As to the cause of these staggering losses, the group is adamant: “There can be little doubt that the vast majority of Earth’s ice loss is a direct consequence of climate warming,” they state in their review paper, which is published in the online journal Cryosphere Discussions.

 

“On average, the planetary surface temperature has risen by 0.85oC since 1880, and this signal has been amplified in the polar regions,” they state. Both sea and atmospheric temperatures have risen as a result and the resulting double whammy has triggered the catastrophic ice losses uncovered by the group.

 

In the case of the melting ice sheet in Antarctica, rising sea temperatures have been the main driver while increasing atmospheric temperatures have been the cause of ice loss from inland glaciers such as those in the Himalayas. In Greenland, ice loss has been triggered by a combination of both sea and atmospheric temperatures increasing.

 

Meltwater rushes from Boyabreen glacier in Fjaerland, Norway – a process accelerated by global heating. – Nước tan chảy đổ ra từ sông băng Boyabreen ở Fjaerland, Na Uy – một quá trình bị đẩy nhanh bởi sự ấm lên lên toàn cầu.

The team stressed that not all the ice that was lost over that period would have contributed to sea level rises. “A total of 54% of the lost ice was from sea ice and from ice shelves,” said Leeds University researcher Isobel Lawrence. “These float on water and their melting would not have contributed to sea level rises. The other 46% of meltwater came from glaciers and ice sheets on the ground, and they would have added to sea-level rise.”

 

The group’s results were published 30 years after the first assessment report of the IPCC was published, at the end of August 1990. This outlined, in stark terms, that global warming was real and was being triggered by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels.

 

Despite warnings from scientists, these emissions have continued to rise as global temperatures continued to soar. According to figures released by the Met Office last week, there was a 0.14oC increase in global temperatures between the decade 1980-89 and the decade 1990-1999, then a 0.2oC increase between each of the following decades. This rate of increase is expected to rise, possibly to around 0.3oC a decade, as carbon emissions continue on their upward trajectory.

 

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/aug/23/earth-lost-28-trillion-tonnes-ice-30-years-global-warming

WORD BANK:

trigger /ˈtrɪɡ.ɚ/ [C1] (v): gây ra

wade /weɪd/ (v): lội nước

base /beɪs/ [B2] (v): làm việc tại, sống tại, có trụ sở tại

staggering /ˈstæɡ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ [C1] (adj): đáng kinh ngạc

context /ˈkɑːn.tekst/ [B2] (n): hoàn cảnh thực tế, bối cảnh

displace /dɪˈspleɪs/ [C1] (v): di dời, dời chỗ, chuyển chổ

low-lying /ˌloʊˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/ (adj): nằm ở vùng trũng, ngang/ thấp hơn mực nước biển

reflect /rɪˈflekt/ [B2] (v): phản xạ

solar /ˈsoʊ.lɚ/ [B2] (adj): mặt trời

radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ [C1] (n): bức xạ

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ [B2] (prep): bên dưới

disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ [C1] (n): sự gián đoạn

wipe out something (phrasal verb): xóa sổ

stun /stʌn/ (v): làm sững sờ, gây sốc

scenario /səˈner.i.oʊ/ [C2] (n): viễn cảnh

outline /ˈaʊt.laɪn/ [B2] (v): chỉ ra

protrude /prəˈtruːd/ (v): nhô ra

mind-blowing /ˈmɑɪnd ˌbloʊ·ɪŋ/ (adj): không thể tưởng tượng nổi

adamant /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ (adj): kiên quyết

consequence /ˈkɑːn.sə.kwəns/ [B2] (n): hậu quả

amplify /ˈæm·pləˌfɑɪ/ (v): làm nghiêm trọng hơn, phóng đại hơn

whammy /ˈwæm.i/ (n): lời nguyền

uncover /ʌnˈkʌv.ɚ/ [C1] (v): phát hiện

driver /ˈdraɪ.vɚ/ (n): nguyên nhân

inland /ˈɪn.lænd/ (adj): nội địa

stark /stɑːrk/ (adj):  ảm đạm

trajectory /trəˈdʒek.tɚ.i/ (n): quỹ đạo


NG HỘ READ TO LEAD!

Chào bạn! Có thể bạn chưa biết, Read to Lead là một trang giáo dục phi lợi nhuận với mục đích góp phần phát triển cộng đồng người học tiếng Anh tại Việt Nam. Chúng tôi không yêu cầu người đọc phải trả bất kỳ chi phí nào để sử dụng các sản phẩm của mình để mọi người đều có cơ hội học tập tốt hơn. Tuy nhiên, nếu bạn có thể, chúng tôi mong nhận được sự hỗ trợ tài chính từ bạn để duy trì hoạt động của trang và phát triển các sản phẩm mới.

Bạn có thể ủng hộ chúng tôi qua 1 trong 2 cách dưới đây.
– Cách 1: Chuyển tiền qua tài khoản Momo.
Số điện thoại 0947.886.865 (Chủ tài khoản: Nguyễn Tiến Trung)
Nội dung chuyển tiền: Ủng hộ Read to Lead
hoặc
– Cách 2: Chuyển tiền qua tài khoản ngân hàng.
Ngân hàng VIB chi nhánh Hải Phòng
Số tài khoản: 012704060048394 (Chủ tài khoản: Nguyễn Tiến Trung)
Nội dung chuyển tiền: Ủng hộ Read to Lead

RELATED ARTICLES

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here

- Advertisment -
Google search engine

Most Popular