Narrator: In 1985, Steve Jobs walked out of the doors of Apple and used $12 million of his own money to start a new computer company.
Steve Jobs: Hi, I’m Steve Jobs, and I make computers.
Narrator: NeXT would ultimately be viewed as a failure. But that failure actually saved Apple. Apple went public in 1980 and was valued at $1.8 billion. But a few years later, Apple was struggling. Both the Apple III and the Lisa failed to become commercial hits. So in 1983, Jobs decided to recruit John Sculley, who was the CEO of Pepsi at the time, famously asking Sculley: “Do you want to sell sugared water for the rest of your life? Or do you want to come with me and change the world?”
And with that, Sculley was convinced. He left Pepsi and became the CEO of Apple. But tension started to grow between him and Jobs. Because of internal struggles and product failures, Jobs’ role was diminished. It was around this time that Jobs came up with an idea for a new computer company, separate from Apple. But he wanted to recruit five Apple employees.
This furthered tension between Apple and Jobs. Something had to change. So in 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple. And moved on to launch a new company called NeXT.
Jobs: So, what should we do?
But the education market it was targeting already had a lot of older computers and limited budgets. NeXT’s computers never found mass success. So in 1993, NeXT completely stopped developing its hardware and shifted its focus to the real innovation: software.
The operating system for NeXT computers was called NeXTSTEP. It was built on top of UNIX, an operating system that dates back to the 1960s. Using UNIX as its base gave NeXTSTEP several key advantages over Mac OS, like object-oriented programming and protected memory, which meant fewer system crashes. And it used developer tools like Interface Builder, which made creating programs much more intuitive. Despite NeXT computer’s struggles, the software was popular.
Jobs: People told us they love NeXTSTEP and they love the fact that we built it on top of UNIX.
Narrator: Programmers used NeXT machines to develop iconic games like “Quake” and “Doom.” Even Tim Berners-Lee was a fan. He built the first web browser on a NeXT computer. But NeXT couldn’t survive on software sales alone, and this is where Apple comes back into the story.
Người dẫn chuyện: Lập trình viên sử dụng máy NeXT để phát triển các trò chơi mang tính biểu tượng như “Quake” và “Doom”. Ngay cả Tim Berners-Lee cũng là một người hâm mộ. Ông đã xây dựng trình duyệt web đầu tiên trên máy tính NeXT. Nhưng NeXT không thể tồn tại chỉ dựa vào việc bán phần mềm, và đây là lúc Apple trở lại.
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After Jobs’ departure, Apple found little success and continued to struggle. Under Sculley, the company developed several failed products, like the Newton MessagePad.
Jobs: Who wants a stylus? Yuck.
Narrator: In 1993, Apple’s profit dropped 84%. Sculley resigned from Apple that same year. And with the success of Windows NT and Windows 95, Mac OS was falling behind. Apple needed a new, modern operating system if they were going to survive the next decade. So Apple’s CEO at the time, Gil Amelio, turned his attention to NeXT.
With NeXT, Apple could finally have an advanced operating system to compete with Windows. In 1997, Apple bought NeXT for $429 million. That same year, Steve Jobs returned to Apple. Eventually, he would once again become CEO. But the big part of the deal? Apple would acquire the NeXTSTEP operating system and use it to replace Mac OS, which was on version 8 at the time, combining NeXT’s software with Apple’s hardware.
In the original press release, Apple stated: “The integration of NEXTSTEP technology in future versions of Mac OS will result in a robust, next-generation OS.”
Soon after the acquisition, Apple started to develop what would become OS X, based on the NeXTSTEP operating system. OS X integrated major NeXTSTEP features, like the dock and the mail app, and minor touches, like the spinning wheel. Though most of the similarities could be found under the hood. OS X used the same programming language, Objective-C, and the Interface Builder tool. The first release of OS X in 2001 was a glimpse at the future of the Mac. The Aqua interface was a radical design change from previous versions. And OS X also introduced things like System Preferences and the column view in Finder.
But it would take several years for Apple’s investment to pay off. Initially, OS X was sluggish and had stability issues. It also required more memory than many Macs shipped with at the time. But with the release of 10.2, just over a year later, Apple improved stability and speed and cemented the popularity of OS X.
Tim Cook: We love the Mac.
Narrator: From the Dock to the way programs are designed, OS X looks similar 18 years and 14 versions later. Even in 2001, the user interaction felt modern and intuitive. And the work Apple did based on the original NeXT operating system has helped to form the foundations of iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. If it’s an Apple operating system, you can trace its origins to NeXT.
In December 2001, Macworld wrote, “We’ve been waiting for years, but Mac OS X is now truly the operating system of tomorrow.” They were right. Almost 20 years later, millions are still using it.
Source: https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-12-million-dollar-failure-saved-apple-next-2019-8?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sf-bi-main
WORD BANK
narrator /nəˈreɪ.tər/ [C2] (n): người dẫn chuyện
ultimately /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/ [C1] (adv): cuối cùng
failure /ˈfeɪ.ljɚ/ [B2] (n): thất bại
commercial /kəˈmɝː.ʃəl/ [B2] (adj): thương mại
recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ [C1] (v): tuyển dụng
convince /kənˈvɪns/ [B1] (v): thuyết phục
internal /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/ (adj): nội bộ
tension /ˈten.ʃən/ [B2] (n): căng thẳng
diminish /dɪˈmɪn.ɪʃ/ [C1] (v): giảm sút
tension /ˈten.ʃən/ [B2] (n): căng thẳng
launch /lɑːntʃ/ [B2] (v): thành lập
researcher /rɪˈsɝː.tʃɚ/ [B2] (n): nhà nghiên cứu
regain /rɪˈɡeɪn/ [B2] (v): giành lại
invest /ɪnˈvest/ [B2] (v): đầu tư
release /rɪˈliːs/ [B2] (v): phát hành
embody /ɪmˈbɑː.di/ [C2] (v): thể hiện
philosophy /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/ [C1] (n): triết lý
custom /ˈkʌs.təm/ (adj): tùy chỉnh
circuit board /ˈsɜː.kɪt ˌbɔːd/ (n): bảng mạch
base price (n): giá cơ sở
budget /ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/ [B2] (n): ngân sách
shift /ʃɪft/ [C1] (v): thay đổi
innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ [C1] (n): đổi mới
operating system /ˈɒp.ər.eɪ.tɪŋ ˌsɪs.təm/ (n): hệ điều hành
intuitive /ɪnˈtʃuː.ɪ.tɪv/ (adj): trực quan
survive /sɚˈvaɪv/ [B2] (v): tồn tại
departure /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/ [B1] (n): sự ra đi
profit /ˈprɒf.ɪt/ [B2] (n): lợi nhuận
advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/ [B1] (adj): tiên tiến
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ [B2] (v): cạnh tranh
acquire /əˈkwaɪər/ [B2] (v): mua lại
press release /ˈpres rɪˌliːs/ (n): thông cáo báo chí
integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ [C1] (n): sự tích hợp
robust /rəʊˈbʌst/ (adj): mạnh mẽ
acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ (n): sự thu mua
minor /ˈmaɪ.nər/ (adj): nhỏ
glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ (n): cái nhìn thoáng qua
interface /ˈɪn.tə.feɪs/ (n): giao diện
radical /ˈræd.ɪ.kəl/ [C2] (adj): triệt để
pay off (PhrV): thành công, được đền đáp xứng đáng
sluggish /ˈslʌɡ.ɪʃ/ (adj): chậm chạp
stability /stəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ [C1] (n): sự ổn định
cement /sɪˈment/ (v): củng cố
trace /treɪs/ [C1] (v): truy xuất
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